Is it a Virus or Food Poisoning?

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Amanda Benko | Intern UAB School of Education – CHHS

Photo by Sora Shimazaki on Pexels.com

Have you ever had your stomach feeling off? If yes, I’m sure you will agree that at that moment, you are not focused on the reasons for the increased emergency. All that you want is to start feeling better. However, figuring out whether you have stomach flu or food poisoning will inform your best action plan and enable you to understand how long you will have the awful feeling. As noted by De Marco et al. (2019), stomach flu is usually quite common, and like several viruses, it can be passed around by groups of people who gather close to one another. The virus can easily be passed if you are in an enclosed space and in close contact with one another, for example, on a cruise ship (or daycare).

On the other hand, food poisoning often originates from food. For instance, when food sits out too long without refrigeration or is not properly cooked, bacteria can grow in the food. Sometimes, it can be very hard to distinguish between food poisoning and stomach flu since these conditions share many symptoms (Aljamali, 2021). The main side effect of both is diarrhea – watery or bloody. You can also experience vomiting and nausea, while some may develop chills and fever in both cases. However, the major difference between the two is when the symptoms begin after exposure and how long the symptoms would last. In most cases, stomach flu may take around 24 to 48 hours incubation period within your system before it starts showing symptoms. Nevertheless, food poisoning comes quickly, around 2-6 hours after eating spoiled food (Aljamali, 2021). If you are on a picnic and everyone eats the same food, many people will likely experience the same symptoms. You can easily identify food poisoning because the symptoms may start after a more recent event.

Some common symptoms of stomach flu are nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Stomach flu can also cause fever and chills. Other symptoms include body aches, stomach pain, and headache. However, you will mainly experience nausea and particularly diarrhea. With food poisoning, you can also experience vomiting and diarrhea, although it can be more severe compared to stomach flu. Occasionally, you can get a fever as well. Other symptoms include an upset stomach and stomach cramps. Whenever you feel these symptoms, seeking proper medical attention and staying hydrated is essential. Some have found that ginger helps reduce nausea as well. What remedy do you know of to help battle an upset stomach?

References

Aljamali, N. M. (2021). Review on food poisoning (types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment). Global Academic Journal of Pharmacy and Drug Research, 3(4), 54-61.

De Marco, R., Shankar, S., Rosenbaum, J., & Efron, D. (2018). A Case of the Stomach Flu. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 54(2), 214-214.

Staying Hydrated – Why is it important to drink enough H20?

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Amanda Benko | Intern UAB School of Education – CHHS

Photo by Sasha Kim on Pexels.com

Staying Hydrated – Why is it important to drink enough H20

Did you know that water makes up most of your body weight and involves several vital functions, including removing waste from the body, regulating body temperature, and helping with brain function? It is essential to note that water plays an important part in our body’s functioning. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), getting enough water daily is necessary for your health. Drinking plenty of water every day can help you stay hydrated. It can help regulate body temperature, help keep our joints lubricated, prevent infections, deliver nutrients to cells, and ensure that organs function properly. In addition, being well-hydrated can help you improve the quality of your sleep, mood, and cognition. According to experts, one should drink approximately 11 cups of water daily for an average woman and around 16 cups for men. Water plays a vital role in various body functions, such as the digestion of food, absorption, circulation, and excretion. Research has shown that drinking plenty of water helps aid the transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones all across the body, regulating body temperature, lubricating joints, and assisting in waste control.

Drinking plenty of water also helps in the hydration of cells and tissues. As earlier noted, our bodies are composed mainly of water, and every cell, tissue, and organ depends on water for proper functioning. Proper hydration can help you maintain the balance of fluids within the body, enabling you to maintain optimal energy levels, enhance concentration, and improve one’s overall productivity. Studies also reiterate that drinking plenty of water is good for skin health. It can help keep your skin hydrated and moisturized, reducing the risk of dryness, wrinkles, and disorders affecting the skin. This helps promote a healthy complexion, possibly contributing to a more youthful experience.

In conclusion, water is essential to almost every part of your body. Drinking the recommended daily amount of water will help you maintain your current state of health and improve your overall health. If you are exercising or living in hotter regions, it is vital to increase your water intake to avoid dehydration. What steps do you find helpful to stay hydrated?

References

Water and healthier drinks. (2022, June 6). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/water-and-healthier-drinks.html

Good Sleep Matters!

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By Jessica Feagin, Intern and UAB Community Health and Human Services Student

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

Getting proper and sound sleep is essential for everyone. It improves your health, brain performance, and mood. Not getting regularly appropriate and good sleep can increase the risk of many disorders, including stroke and heart disease, dementia, and obesity. We need quality sleep because sleep helps the brain prepare to learn, create, and remember (NIH, 2022).

When you’re sleeping, essential tasks that benefit your physical health by your body and brain are performed. For example, your immune system releases proteins called cytokines, which defend against inflammation and illnesses. When you’re sick, these proteins increase in your body; however, when you’re sleep-deprived, the production of cytokines may dip, making you more vulnerable to viruses and colds. Good sleep is also beneficial for your heart. When you sleep, your heart rate and blood pressure decrease, allowing your cardiovascular system to slow down (Juli Fraga, 2022)

As a woman, we have heard about “getting your beauty rest.” Good sleep benefits your skin. When you’re asleep, collagen is produced, a protein that prevents wrinkles and repairs the skin. Conversely, insufficient sleep can produce cortisol, making your eyes red and puffy and causing skin flare-ups (Juli Fraga, 2022).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults ages 18-60 get seven or more hours of sleep per night. Tips provided by the CDC (2022) for better sleep are to:

  • Be consistent by going to bed at the same time at night and waking up at the same time each morning
  • Make sure your bedroom is relaxing, dark, quiet, and at a comfortable temperature
  • Remove all electronic devices from the bedroom
  • Avoid alcohol, large meals, and caffeine before bed
  • Exercise during the day to help you fall asleep more easily at night

Lack of proper sleep can impact your body in many ways. What tips do you have for those struggling to get a good night’s sleep?

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b, September 13). Tips for better sleep. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html

Juli Fraga, Psy. D. (2022, February 25). Why sleep matters more than ever. Sleep.com. https://www.sleep.com/sleep-health/why-sleep-matters-more-than-ever

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, July 15). Good sleep for good health. National Institutes of Health. https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/good-sleep-good-health

Buzz Off! Natural Mosquito Prevention

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Amanda Benko| Intern UAB School of Education-CHHS

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Tips to Avoid Mosquitoes, Naturally.

Mosquitoes can be a severe problem in the summer due to the warmer temperatures and lush vegetation that create optimal breeding conditions. In addition, mosquitoes can cause itching bites and serious diseases quickly. There are non-chemical mosquito repellents that work best.

Eliminating standing water is one of the most effective natural mosquito repellents (Cocke, Geest & Shufran, 2022). Standing water is a vital component in mosquito breeding, and the more people can eliminate it ahead of time, the fewer mosquitos will be there. One of the most straightforward methods to accomplish this is to evaluate a property for any potential sources of standing water. The evaluation could include sewers, gutters, and dishes left outside in the water. In addition, investigate the area around any flower pots, bird baths, or other water sources. People who live in places with standing water for extended periods should consider filling them in with soil or other material to reduce or halt water flow. They should also ensure that any containers in their yard, such as garbage cans or buckets, are free of moisture and adequately covered.

Garlic oil or garlic powder has been used as a natural and effective mosquito repellent for centuries (da Silva & Ricci-Junior, 2020). When mosquitoes detect garlic, they avoid the area, which is advantageous if people live in a mosquito-prone location. In addition, sulfur compounds and a potent scent in garlic render it an effective natural mosquito repellent. One of the advantages of garlic is its enduring impact. When applied correctly, garlic can repel mosquitoes for three weeks. Garlic oil and garlic powder can create a natural mosquito repellent in diverse formulations. Using garlic powder or crushed garlic cloves on lawns and window sills has been successful. People residing in such locations also have the option to purchase commercial commodities that incorporate garlic oil, for instance, liquid sprays and candles.

In the southern United States, introducing beneficial insects into an outdoor area is an efficient yet simple technique to naturally repel mosquitoes (Gouagna et al., 2020). Ladybugs and dragonflies both serve vital roles in mosquito control. Ladybugs are well-known for their ravenous hunger for aphids, usually found on nectar-rich flowers and crops. Mosquitoes are also drawn to these plants; ladybugs can help control the invasion.

Planting insect-repelling plants is a simple technique to minimize mosquitoes. Due to the scent of these plants, which deters mosquitoes, they can be used as natural repellents. The most well-liked plant for preventing mosquitoes is a green plant called citronella, which may be grown in the yard or bought in candles or lanterns (Dhillon, Bains, & Kocher, 2021). Lemongrass possesses potential as a natural repellent, depending upon the geographical location. Consequently, introducing plants near residential areas, either in a garden, potted plants, or strategically placed foliage, can remarkably decrease the mosquito population. It is imperative to uphold one’s health while utilizing repellent plants, as mosquitoes tend to water excessively and decompose flora. Because of this, it is essential to stick to a watering schedule and ensure the plants get enough sunlight and nutrients. What method have you found that works to repel these pesky bugs?

References

Cocke, T. E., Geest, E. A., & Shufran, A. A. (2022). Learning about mosquitoes, diseases, and vectors: a classroom activity. Science Activities, 59(3), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00368121.2022.2071816

da Silva, M. R. M., & Ricci-Júnior, E. (2020). An approach to natural insect repellent formulations: from basic research to technological development. Acta tropica, 212, 105419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105419

Dhillon, G., Bains, S., & Kocher, D. K. (2021). Microencapsulated citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil as mosquito repellent finish for cotton. Agris Research Journal, 57(2), 275-279.

Gouagna, L. C., Damiens, D., Oliva, C. F., Boyer, S., Le Goff, G., Brengues, C., … & Fontenille, D. (2020). Strategic approach, advances, and challenges in the development and application of the SIT for area-wide control of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Reunion Island. Insects, 11(11), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110770

Strike a Pose – The Health Benefits of Yoga

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Amanda Benko | UAB Intern School of Education – CHHS

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

Health Benefits of Yoga

Yoga is an ancient practice and popular form of exercise involving physical poses, concentration, and deep breathing. It is a posture-based physical fitness, stress relief, and relaxation technique. Regardless of your yoga expertise and with regular practice, yoga can make you feel better from head to toe. If you’re living with a chronic condition, recovering from surgery, or going through an illness, practicing yoga can be a critical part of your treatment journey and speed up your healing process. Yoga enables you to build strength, awareness, and harmony in both the mind and body (Diamond, 2012). Maintaining a regular yoga practice can provide mental and physical health benefits for all.

There are various physical health benefits you will get when practicing yoga. The relaxation approach used in yoga can reduce chronic pain, back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and headaches. It can also lower blood pressure and insomnia symptoms. There are also several other physical benefits associated with yoga, including improved body flexibility, increased muscle strength and tone, and maintaining a balanced metabolism (CDC, 2017). It can also improve respiration, vitality, and energy in your body. Yoga can also help reduce body weight and improve cardio and circulatory health. The National Institutes of Health (2020) adds that yoga improves athletic performance and protects you from injury. Besides, yoga helps one develop inner awareness. It can enable you to focus your attention on the body’s abilities at the present moment and boost your fitness.

Besides the physical benefits, yoga is instrumental in building strong mental health. It can help you manage stress. We all know that stress can have devastating impacts on our body and mind. Yoga can be effective in developing coping skills and approaching life more positively. Incorporating breathing and meditation in yoga can help improve one’s overall mental well-being (Pascoe et al., 2021). Practicing yoga regularly enhances mental clarity and calmness; relieves chronic stress patterns; helps relax the mind; enhances mind awareness; sharpens your concentration; and focuses your attention.

At 19, I was involved in a car wreck that herniated two disks in my cervical spine (neck). The following year I was in a four-wheeler wreck that crushed a vertebrae in my lower back. For years I was in chronic pain; the slightest thing hurt my back or neck. Then at 23, a friend introduced me to yoga, but I didn’t start doing it regularly until I was 26. After two weeks of regular practice, I realized I was no longer hurting. Yoga gave me some much-needed relief. So start slow and stay with it; you will be glad you did.

Yoga is fun. Yoga is mentally and physically healthy for you! Do you know of a good Yoga Studio in your area? If so, please share!

References

CDC (September 14, 2017) Yoga Activity Card. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/bam/cards/yoga.html#:~:text=Most%20yoga%20practices%20focus%20on,to%20concentrate%2C%20and%20decreased%20stress.

Diamond, L. (2012). The benefits of yoga in improving health. Primary Health Care, 22(2).

NIH (February 2020) Yoga for Health: What the Science Says. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/yoga-for-health-science

Pascoe, M. C., J de Manincor, M., Hallgren, M., Baldwin, P. A., Tseberja, J., & Parker, A. G. (2021). Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the mental health benefits of yoga-based interventions: A narrative review. Mindfulness, 1-13.

How to Kill Cancer in the African American Community

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By Regina Dodson | UAB Community Health and Human Services Intern

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States, and there is also a high prevalence of the disease affecting the African American community. African Americans have higher cancer mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group, with a 14% higher overall cancer death rate than non-Hispanic whites (ACS, 2021). This disparity can be caused by a variety of factors, including socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, and limited access to healthcare.

One solution to reduce cancer disparities in the African American community is to increase access to cancer screenings. Early detection is crucial in the treatment of cancer, and regular cancer screenings can help detect cancer at an early stage, when it is most treatable. However, African Americans are less likely to receive cancer screenings than non-Hispanic whites, due to limited access to healthcare (ACS, 2021).

Community-based interventions have shown promise in increasing cancer screening rates in the African American community. These interventions involve community outreach and education, providing information on the importance of cancer screenings and how to access them. The Patient Navigation Program provides individualized support to people wishing to be screened for cancer, including transportation and other logistical support (Ferrante et al., 2011).

Another community-based intervention is the use of mobile mammography units, which bring mammography services to underserved communities, making it easier for women to access breast cancer screenings (Willems et al., 2019). Mobile mammography units have been shown to be effective in increasing breast cancer screening rates in underserved populations, including African American women.

Increasing access to cancer screenings in the African American community is crucial for reducing cancer disparities. Community-based interventions, such as the Patient Navigation Program and mobile mammography units, can help increase cancer screening rates in underserved populations. By improving access to cancer screenings, we can help detect cancer at an early stage, leading to better treatment outcomes and ultimately reducing cancer mortality rates in the African American community.

References:

American Cancer Society (ACS). (2021). Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2021-2023. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/cancer-facts-and-figures-for-african-americans/cancer-facts-and-figures-for-african-americans-2021-2023.pdf

Ferrante, J. M., Chen, P. H., Kim, S., & The-Pennsylvania-Patient-Centered-Medical-Home-Initiative (2011). The effect of patient navigation on time to diagnosis, anxiety, and satisfaction in urban minority women with abnormal mammograms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Urban Health, 88(2), 211–226. doi: 10.1007/s11524-010-9502-6

Willems, B. A., Henry, K. A., Richter, R. R., & Hsieh, Y. W. (2019). Breast Cancer Screening in Underserved Women in the United States: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Women’s Health, 28(2), 269–277. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6863

Defeating Diabetes in the African American Community

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By Regina Dodson | Community Health and Human Services Intern

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and it is becoming increasingly prevalent in the African American community. According to the American Diabetes Association, African Americans are almost twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as non-Hispanic whites. This is a significant problem that must be addressed to prevent the debilitating complications associated with the disease.

There are several reasons why diabetes is affecting the African American community. A primary factor is genetics, as research has shown that African Americans are more likely to develop diabetes due to their genetic makeup. Additionally, there are social determinants of health that contribute to the higher prevalence of diabetes in African Americans, such as limited access to healthcare, poverty, and discrimination.

Food deserts, defined as areas where there is limited access to healthy and affordable food options, are also prevalent in African American communities. They have been linked to a higher incidence of diabetes. Access to healthy food options is critical for the prevention and management of diabetes, as a healthy diet is a primary component of diabetes management. The elimination of food deserts in African American communities can help to reduce diabetes.

According to the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, food deserts are more prevalent in African American communities compared to white communities, and they are associated with a higher incidence of diabetes. Lack of access to healthy food options can lead to a diet high in saturated fats, sugar, and processed foods, which are all risk factors. In addition to the lack of access to healthy food options, food deserts are also associated with poverty, which can lead to limited financial resources to purchase healthy foods. Low-income individuals are more likely to live in food deserts, and they are at a higher risk of developing diabetes due to their limited access to healthy foods (Walker et al, 2010).

Food deserts can be minimized in African American communities by investing in grocery stores and farmers’ markets that provide fresh produce and healthy food options. Additionally, community gardens and urban farming initiatives can help to provide healthy food options in underserved communities (Walker & Block, 2011). Community gardens and urban agriculture programs have been shown to be effective in increasing access to healthy foods in low-income neighborhoods. These programs provide residents with fresh fruits and vegetables, which can help reduce the incidence of diabetes and other chronic diseases and improve overall health outcomes (Lebrón et al, 2019).

References:

LeBrón, A. M. W., Schulz, A. J., Gamboa, C., Reyes, A. G., & Cordero, E. D. (2019). Food environment interventions to improve the dietary behavior of African Americans: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine Reports, 15, 100940.

Walker, R. E., Keane, C. R., & Burke, J. G. (2010). Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: a review of food deserts literature. Health & place, 16(5), 876-884.

Walker, R. E., & Block, J. P. (2011). Opportunities for intervention: changing the environment to improve health. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 17(Suppl 1), S44-S50.

Have You Had Taken Your Vitamins Today?

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By Jaelyn Copeland | UAB Community Health and Human Services Intern

Vitamins and minerals are critical for several important bodily functions. Often referred to as micronutrients, vitamins and minerals are not produced in the body. Instead they are commonly consumed through food or supplements (CDC, 2022).

The berry of the black elder tree, or Sambucus nigra, known as elderberry, is full of antioxidants that we need to sustain a healthy lifestyle. Although it is native to Europe, the black elder tree can also be found in North America, some regions of Asia, and Africa. Elderberry has been used in traditional medicine to promote general health for years. Whether it is used as an extract or juice concentrate from the whole fruit, elderberry is now frequently used in dietary supplements. Products containing elderberry are primarily marketed to support immune health. It also helps alleviate symptoms of respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, the flu, and COVID-19.

There are several different formulations of elderberry supplements; including syrups, pills, and lozenges. Numerous goods are sold expressly to children, notably those that come in chewable or gummy form. Additionally, some products combine the berries with other components of the black elder tree, most frequently elderflower. Elderberry may be hazardous if improperly prepared.

The stems and leaves of the elder tree, as well as unripe elderberries, contain cyanide-producing substances that can be poisonous if consumed. These chemicals can be eliminated through cooking, but many homemade elderberry recipes do not call for enough heat to completely evaporate all toxins, making them more likely to have negative effects than over-the-counter remedies. 

There have been more complaints of elderberry products recently being contaminated. If you’re thinking about taking an elderberry supplement, please talk to your doctor first make sure the product you choose has received third-party certification.

References 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, February 1). Micronutrient facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 8, 2023, from

Are We Really What We Eat?

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By Angela Wilson | Community Health and Human Services Intern

I am sure we have all heard the phrase, “You are what you eat”, (Ludwig). But what does this phrase really mean? In short, it means that we must eat foods that benefit our bodies so that we can be healthy and fit. Heart disease, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases disproportionately affect the African American community so it is imperative that we examine the benefits of consuming certain fruits which may significantly lower our chances of getting these diseases. This commentary will address the health benefits of strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries.

         Strawberries are very rich in antioxidants and are an excellent source of vitamin C , manganese, folate, and potassium. Vitamin C strengthens the body’s defense and protects it from free radicals ( harmful molecules),  which has been linked to many chronic diseases. Manganese is an element that assists in building bones, wound healing, and reproductive health. Folate and Potassium are important for normal tissue growth, cell function, and essential bodily functions such as regulating blood pressure. Strawberries are 91% water and have a very low carb content. They also have a significant amount of fiber, (approximately 26%), which improves digestive health by feeding the friendly bacteria in your stomach. Lastly, evidence suggests that strawberries lowers the spike in blood sugar after consuming a meal, thereby aiding in blood sugar regulation.

        Blueberries contain some of the highest anti-oxidant levels which contribute to their ability to neutralize some of the free radicals that cause damage to your DNA. They also protect cholesterol in your blood from becoming damaged.  Bad cholesterol (LDL), increases your risk for heart disease and stroke. Blueberries are strongly linked to reduced levels of LDL, which makes them very good for your heart. Anthocyanin, one of the powerful antioxidants in blueberries has significant beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.  This plays an instrumental role in reducing inflammation and aiding in the protection of conditions like cancer and diabetes.

        Raspberries are very low in sugar and are considered to be antioxidant powerhouses because of their high vitamin C content.  One 100-gram portion of raspberries provides 23 milligrams of vitamin C, which is approximately 30% of the recommended daily allowance for women.  They are associated with a lower risk of chronic stress related diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Raspberries support good digestive health due to their high fiber content and they also reduce the amount of insulin needed to manage blood sugar levels.

As you can see, these fruits are key components to good health and well being and should be incorporated into our diets as we strive to become healthier, stronger, and happier while protecting our bodies from chronic diseases and illnesses.

References:
Bjarnadottir, A. (March 2019). Strawberries 101: Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits. https://www.healthline.com. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
Ritcher, A. (January 2023). 10 Proven Health Benefits of Blueberries. https://www.healthline.com Retrieved February 27, 2023.
Sachdev, P. (September 2022). Health Benefits of Raspberries. https://www.webmd.com Retrieved February 27, 2023.